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This book investigates the growth of the early retirement trend and its varying spread among different groups of older workers in 14 modern societies. It argues for a differentiated political approach to reverse early retirement, which relies on both pension and employability policies for older workers. The author examines the early retirement trend that most modern societies have been faced with since the beginning of the globalisation process in the 1970s and 1980s. He analyses older workers' late careers and their retirement transitions, and explains why this trend has developed differently between nations. To promote an effective reversal of the early retirement trend, national policymakers are advised not to concentrate their efforts exclusively on reducing the financial incentives for an early exit still present in most national pension systems. In addition, it is also recommended that they invest in the employability of older workers, suggesting a reconsideration of education and labour market policy design. The contents are: Foreword (by Hans-Peter Blossfeld); Introduction: the 'two-faced pension crisis'; State of the art in social science research; Globalization, institutional strategies and late careers; The macro-perspective: late careers and retirement in international comparison; The micro-perspective: a four-country comparison; Conclusions; References; Index. Show less